Summary
Self-Efficacy Scale in Resuscitation and First Aid in the general population: translation, spanish adaptation, and validation of the First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale
Carmen Amalia López López1,2, Manuel Pardo Rios1,2, Marina Sánchez Gómez1, Daniel Guillén Martínez1, Petronila Mireia Alcázar Artero1,2, Ana Belén Ocampo Cervantes1,3
Affiliation of the authors
1Grupo de Investigación de Nuevas Tecnologías para la Salud, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. 2Gerencia de Urgencias y Emergencias Sanitarias 061 de Murcia, Spain. 3Hospital Universitario Santa Lucia de Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
DOI
Quote
López López CA, Pardo Rios M, Sánchez Gómez M, Guillén Martínez D, Alcázar Artero PM, Ocampo Cervantes AB. Self-Efficacy Scale in Resuscitation and First Aid in the general population: translation, spanish adaptation, and validation of the First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale. Rev Esp Urg Emerg. 2026;5:176-80
Summary
INTRODUCTION. Perceived self-efficacy in first aid is a key determinant of willingness to act in emergency situations, particularly among adolescents. The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the First Aid Self-Efficacy Scale into Spanish within a school-based context.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted a multicenter validation study in 18 secondary education schools in the Region of Murcia, Spain, including 387 students in the 4th year of compulsory secondary education. A translation and back-translation process was conducted in full compliance with COSMIN guidelines. The scale was administered at 2 different timeframes separated by a 4-week interval, along with sociodemographic variables and 2 attitudinal items from the Kids Save Lives initiative.
RESULTS. he Spanish version of the scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.88 at T1; α = 0.87 at T2) and adequate test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.84; 95 % CI, 0.81–0.87). Corrected item–total correlations ranged from 0.54 to 0.64, supporting unidimensionality. Convergent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with confidence in initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (r = 0.58) and willingness to act (r = 0.51).
CONCLUSIONS. The Spanish version of the scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing first aid self-efficacy in adolescents, facilitating educational research and the planning of training programs.